Iyo Inonyanya Kukosha Muswe Chiedza: Basa, Evolution, uye Chengetedzo Kukosha

Pamotokari yega yega — kubva kumota dzemakotani kusvika kumarori anorema, midhudhudhu kusvika kumabhasikoro — pane chikamu chinowanzo furatirwa asi chakakosha kuchengetedzeka mumigwagwa.tail light. Kupfuura girobhu rakapfava rakaiswa mubhokisi repurasitiki, mwenje wemuswe unoshanda semutauriri akanyarara, achiendesa kuvepo kwemotokari, chinzvimbo, uye zvinangwa kune vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Kushanduka kwayo kwemakumi emakore kunoratidza kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yemotokari, sainzi yemidziyo, uye zviyero zvekuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha chekufambisa kwemazuva ano.

Mabasa Akakosha: Kupfuura Kuvhenekera

Padanho rayo rekutanga, basa rekutanga rechiedza chemuswe kuita kuti mota ionekwe kune vamwe, kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze asina chiedza, rima, kana mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka semvura, mhute, kana sinou. Kusiyana nemwenje wemberi, uyo unovhenekera nzira iri mberi kumutyairi, marambi emuswe anoita kupenya kutsvuku kumashure, zvichiita kuti motokari dzinotevera dzikwanise kuyera daro, kumhanya, uye kwairi motokari iri mberi. Kuonekwa uku hakusi kungozvinakira chete—kunoponesa upenyu, sezvo kubonderana kwemashure kuchikonzera chikamu chikuru chetsaona dzemumigwagwa pasi rose, zhinji dzacho dzinokonzerwa nokusaonekwa zvakanaka.

Kupfuura kuoneka kwekutanga, marambi emuswe emazuva ano anobatanidza mamwe mabasa ekusimudzira kutaurirana. Magetsi emabhureki, anopenya kudarika marambi emuswe emazuva ese, anovheneka kana mutyairi akatsikirira mabhureki, zvichiratidza vamwe kuti motokari iri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kana kuti yamira. Shandura masaini, kazhinji amber muruvara (tsvuku mune mamwe matunhu kune zvikwangwani zvekumashure), penya kuratidza kutendeuka kwakarongwa kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, zvichibvumira vatyairi vari pedyo nevanofamba netsoka kuti vatarisire mafambiro emotokari. Maraiti ekudzokera kumashure, kazhinji machena, anovhenekera kana mota yachinjirwa kumashure, ichizivisa vari kumashure kuti mota iri kutsigira. Mamwe mamodheru epamberi anosanganisirawo mwenje wemhute mukati memuswe mwenje gungano, akagadzirirwa kucheka nemhute yakakora pasina kuratidza kupenya kumashure kumutyairi.

Evolution: Kubva kuIncandescent Bulbs kuenda kuLED Technology

Nhoroondo yechiedza chemuswe inodzokera kumashure kwekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, apo motokari dzakatanga kutsiva ngoro dzinodhonzwa nemabhiza. Mwenje dzekare dzemuswe dzaive mwenje wemafuta kana mwenje wegasi, wakafanana neaya aishandiswa pazvingoro, achipa kuvhenekera kushoma uye aida kugara achigadziriswa. Sezvo mota dzemagetsi dzakawana mukurumbira, ma bulbs e-incandescent akave chiyero chemwenje wemuswe muma1920s. Magirobhu aya, anoshanda nekudziisa tungsten filament kuti abudise chiedza, aitengeka uye ari nyore kugadzira asi aive nezvinonetsa: aidya simba rakawanda, aive nehupenyu hupfupi (kazhinji maawa 1 000 kusvika ku2 000), uye akatora chikamu chepasekondi kuti asvike kupenya kuzere.

Zana remakore rechi21 rakaunza shanduko yetekinoroji yemwenje wemuswe nekutorwa kweChiedza-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). Ma LED anopa mabhenefiti akawanda pamusoro pemagirobhu e-incandescent: ane simba-akawanda (anoshandisa simba rinosvika 80% shoma), ane hupenyu hurefu kwazvo (50,000 kusvika 100,000 maawa), uye anovhenekera ipapo, achipa inokurumidza kuita nguva yekutevera vatyairi. Ma LED zvakare madiki uye anochinja-chinja mukugadzira, achibvumira automaker kugadzira yakapfava, inogoneka yemuswe mwenje magungano ayo anowedzera kunaka kwemotokari kukwezva uku uchivandudza mashandiro. Semuenzaniso, mwenje wemuswe we LED unogona kurongeka mumakumbo, masumbu, kana maitiro ane simba-akadai sequential turn signals, iyo inopenya kubva mukati kusvika kumucheto wekunze kwegungano rechiedza-kuita kuti zvinangwa zvemotokari zvive zvakajeka.

Kufambira mberi kwazvino kwakasimudzira tekinoroji mwenje wemuswe zvakanyanya. Adaptive tail lights, iyo inogadzirisa kupenya kwayo uye pateni zvichienderana nemamiriro ekutyaira, ari kuwedzera kuwanda. Munzvimbo dzakadzika-chiedza, dzinopenya kuti dziwedzere kuonekwa; mumotokari dzakawanda, vangadzikira zvishoma kuti vadzivise vatyairi vari shure. Dzimwe mota dzemhando yepamusoro dzava nemwenje wemuswe weOLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode), akatetepa, akareruka, uye anokwanisa kuburitsa chiedza chakafanana pane maLED. MaOLED anogona zvakare kupatsanurwa kuita mapikseli ega ega, achibvumira mwenje wemagetsi anopindura kumhanya kwemotokari, kutungamira, kana kunyange kupinza mutyairi.

Mitemo Yekuchengetedza uye Kuteerana Kwemitemo

Tichifunga nezve basa rakakosha remuswe mukuchengetedzeka mumigwagwa, hurumende nemasangano epasi rese akamisa miitiro yakasimba yekugadzira kwayo, kuita, uye kuiswa. Munyika zhinji, marambi emuswe anofanirwa kuburitsa mwenje mutsvuku unoonekwa kubva padiki chinhambwe (kazhinji 100 kusvika 500 metres, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari) uye anofanirwa kuiswa pahurefu hwakati pamusoro pevhu. Magetsi emabhureki anofanirwa kupenya kupfuura marambi emuswe kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anogona kusiyanisa, uye masaini ekutendeuka anofanirwa kupenya pamwero unowirirana (kazhinji 60 kusvika 120 kupenya paminiti). Aya mazinga anogara achigadziridzwa kuti aenderane nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kubuda ekuchengetedza.

Mitemo inorairawo kuti marambi emuswe agare akasimba uye asingachinji mamiriro ekunze, anokwanisa kushingirira tembiricha yakanyanyisa, mwando, uye kuzunguzika. Izvi zvakafambisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro mumagungano emagetsi emuswe, akadai sema polycarbonate lenzi (ayo asingaputsi uye anodzivirira kukwenya) uye dzimba dzisingadziviriri. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika zhinji dzinoda kuti mota dzive nemwenje webackup kana iwo ekutanga akatadza, zvichiwedzera kuvimbika.

Ramangwana reMwenje Mwenje: Yakangwara uye Yakabatana

Sezvo mota dzichiwedzera kubatana uye kuzvimiririra, marambi emuswe akagadzirira kushanduka kuita atonyanya kuomarara maturusi ekutaurirana. Mwenje wemuswe weramangwana unogona kusangana nemasensa emotokari, makamera, uye sisitimu yekufambisa kuendesa ruzivo rwakaoma kune vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa. Semuyenzaniso, mwenje wemuswe wakangwara unogona kuvheneka patani chaiyo kunyevera vatyairi kuseri kwenjodzi ingangoitika (sekumira kamwe kamwe kana kuyambuka netsoka) kana kuratidza kukurumidza kuchinjika kwemotokari. Mumotokari dzinozvimiririra, marambi emuswe anogona kuita basa rakatonyanya kukosha mukutaura zviito zvemotokari kune vanofamba netsoka uye vamwe vatyairi, avo vanogona kuvimba zvishoma nezvido zvevanhu.

Imwe nzira iri kusimukira ndeyekubatanidza marambi emuswe nemamwe masisitimu emotokari, seadaptive cruise control uye lane-keeping assist. Semuyenzaniso, kana chidhiraivho chemotikari chikaona mota inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma kumberi uye yotanga kudzikira, mwenje wemuswe unongopenya kuti uchenjedze vatyairi pamberi pechinyakare mabhureki. Saizvozvo, kana mota ikakukurwa ichibva munzira yayo, chiratidzo chekutendeuka chinowirirana chinogona kupenya zvinyoronyoro kunyevera mota dziri pedyo.

Mhedziso

Chiedza chemuswe, chaimbova chishongedzo chiri nyore, chakashanduka chikava chakaoma, chinoshanda chechikamu chakakosha pakuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa uye kutaurirana kwemotokari. Kubva kune incandescent bulbs kusvika ku LEDs uye mberi, kufambira mberi kwayo kwetekinoroji kwave kuchifambiswa nekuzvipira kudzikisa tsaona nekuvandudza ruzivo rwese rwekutyaira. Sezvo isu tichienda kune ramangwana remotokari dzakangwara uye dzakazvimirira, mwenje wemuswe ucharamba uchichinjika, uchishanda sechinhu chakakosha pakati pemotokari, vatyairi, uye vanofamba netsoka. Munyika umo kuchengetedzwa kwemugwagwa kunoenderana nekukurukurirana kwakajeka, chiedza chemuswe chinozvininipisa chinoramba chiri gamba risina kusimba-chinyararire kushanda kuti tichengetedze tose mumugwagwa.